A closer look at the Earth reveals that water covers a much larger area than land. Approximately 97 per cent of the Earth’s water is saltwater, which is unsuitable for drinking. Of the remaining three per cent of freshwater, about two per cent is locked up in ice, making it inaccessible for human use. Consequently, only around one per cent of the Earth’s total water resources is actually available for human consumption and use.
According to forecasts and assessments based on announcements issued by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and international climate centres, sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean near the equator are currently 2.5° to 2.8° Celsius above normal, while atmospheric conditions remain in a strong El Niño state. The El Niño phenomenon is forecast to reach its peak intensity in November and December 2026.
The Department of Meteorology and Hydrology has advised relevant sectors to make advance preparations for the potential impacts of the El Niño phenomenon during the coming winter and summer seasons. These impacts may include higher temperatures and water shortages, reduced water levels in rivers, streams, lakes, ponds and wells, shortages of drinking water and water for agricultural purposes, and inadequate water supplies. Other possible consequences include heatstroke, dehydration and diarrhoeal diseases resulting from water scarcity. In addition, reduced inflows into reservoirs and dams may lead to a decline in hydropower generation, potentially increasing demand for electricity.
People are advised to adopt water-saving practices during this period. These include turning off taps when brushing their teeth, washing their faces and rinsing dishes, and turning them on only when necessary; avoiding prolonged water use when bathing; washing clothes in full loads rather than washing small quantities frequently; and ensuring that washing machines and dishwashers are sufficiently loaded in accordance with their recommended capacities before operating them. These practices will not only help reduce water consumption but also save time and electricity.
To conserve freshwater, arrangements should be made to reuse water whenever possible. Everyone should work together by raising awareness and sharing knowledge about the importance of water conservation within their communities, workplaces, and among friends and family. Rainwater collection tanks or other rainwater harvesting systems should also be installed to collect and store rainwater for watering plants and gardening activities. As properly planting and maintaining trees helps naturally collect and retain water, trees should be systematically planted and cared for to ensure environmental sustainability over the long term.