All matter that we see is composed of tiny particles called atoms, at the centre of which lies a nucleus. Immense energy is harboured within these nuclei, and when an atom is split, the nucleus inside breaks apart, releasing a colossal amount of thermal energy. This energy is harnessed as needed, for both the benefit and the detriment of humanity.
Myanmar has used nuclear energy for many years, including in healthcare, agriculture, environmental conservation, and archaeology. Diagnostic machines that use radioisotopes to detect internal diseases and destroy cancer cells rely on nuclear technology. Efforts are also underway to incorporate nuclear energy to help meet electricity demand, a vital energy source for the nation’s development.
To meet the current and growing future electricity demands and to ensure long-term energy security, Myanmar needs to effectively utilize available energy resources and systematically formulate and implement suitable long-term energy policies. Myanmar’s energy policy should not rely on a single energy source, but rather be based on an energy mix combining renewable energy, natural gas, and other sources. In this context, nuclear energy represents an option that must be studied and assessed to achieve a stable electricity supply and long-term energy security.
To meet Myanmar’s electricity demand, power is currently being generated from renewable energy sources such as hydropower, solar power, geothermal energy and wind power, as well as fossil fuel sources such as natural gas and coal. Each of these energy sources has its own advantages and disadvantages. Nuclear power generation has several advantages, including being among the lowest sources in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, being capable of producing a stable supply of electricity around the clock because it is not dependent on weather conditions, and requiring relatively little land for power plants.
Although the initial costs and technological requirements for generating electricity from nuclear energy are extremely high, several neighbouring and regional countries have already constructed and operated nuclear power plants to generate electricity, owing to their numerous advantages. Myanmar is also making preparations to begin construction next year of an RITM-200N small modular reactor (SMR) power plant. The plant will comprise two reactor units, each with a capacity of 55 megawatts, with an initial total generation capacity of approximately 110 megawatts.
In implementing the peaceful use of nuclear energy, priority must be given to “Safety, Security and Safeguards”. It is necessary to firmly uphold these fundamental principles while making concerted efforts to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes and contribute to the country’s development.
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