Coral is a marine invertebrate composed of numerous tiny animals called polyps. These soft-bodied organisms secrete a calcium carbonate exoskeleton for protection. Over hundreds of thousands of years, the accumulation of these exoskeletons has formed coral reefs.
Gradually, coral reefs form an underwater ecosystem that supports the food supply and livelihoods of approximately 850 million people worldwide. Moreover, coral reefs serve as a vital water resource for around 30 million small-scale fisheries globally. Currently, the world’s largest coral reef — over 300 years old and measuring more than 32 metres in length and 34 metres in width — is located in the southwest Pacific Ocean.
According to the Living Planet Report 2022, the world has lost 50 per cent of its coral reefs in the past 40 years. Although coral reefs cover just 0.1 per cent of the ocean floor, they provide habitat for 25 per cent of marine species. However, these vital ecosystems are being destroyed by global warming, cyclonic storms, and various human activities, including oil drilling, port construction, waterway development, overfishing, and the disposal of waste.
Myanmar is endowed with extensive coastlines and a vast marine territory, home to stunning coral reefs. The most precious coral reefs are located along the Taninthayi and Rakhine coasts. Research indicates that Myanmar hosts over 500 coral species. However, surveys conducted by the International Environmental Organization and Myanmar’s marine scientists revealed that by 2015, 58 per cent of these reefs were damaged. The damage was attributed to human activities, severe climatic conditions, and unsustainable fishing practices.
Now is the time to conserve Myanmar’s coral reefs and prevent further damage. Coral reefs play a vital role in sustaining marine resources, such as fish and other aquatic species, which are crucial for the nation’s food security. Relevant authorities, law enforcement bodies, and coastal management committees at all levels must prioritize the protection of existing coral reefs to prevent the depletion of aquatic animals in Myanmar’s territorial waters.
The maritime fishing industry heavily depends on the sustainability of coral reefs, along with associated ecosystems such as mangrove forests and seagrass beds. Degradation of these ecosystems can have far-reaching consequences, threatening not only the fisheries sector but also marine tourism, resort businesses, and other related industries. Since Myanmar’s coral reefs continue to attract travellers, it is crucial to implement comprehensive management strategies to ensure the long-term conservation of these vital ecosystems.
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