IN LIVING organisms, the membrane that encloses the cells is incredibly delicate and flexible. Many biological activities depend on how it repairs and protects itself from harm, yet this process is still poorly understood. Researchers at Forschungszentrum Julich have now used cryo-electron microscopy to uncover intriguing new information. Known from the photosynthetic system of plants, algae, and bacteria, the membrane protein Vipp1 may generate a variety of structures that may be used as instruments to reinforce and strengthen the cell membrane when needed.
In a follow-up investigation, the scientists also managed to get fresh perspectives on the role of the associated bacterial protein PspA. Vipp1 and PspA are two molecules that have exceptional plasticity and may take on many shapes, such as rings and tubes with various diameters.
The cell membrane has numerous important functions. For instance, it protects the inside of the cell from the environment. At the same time, nutrients are absorbed through the cell membrane, waste products are excreted, and signals are transmitted between cells. Despite its central role, the cell membrane is also very sensitive. It consists of a thin layer of lipids which, although protective by themselves, are also susceptible to stress caused by physical pressure and stretching or chemical influences. Environmental factors such as UV radiation or toxins can also damage the membrane.
In plant cells, for example, intense light can severely stress and even damage the membranes in the chloroplasts, where photosynthesis takes place. Proteins such as Vipp1 are therefore essential for the survival of the cell, as they protect the membrane structures and repair them if necessary.
How exactly the mechanism works is not yet fully understood. However, thanks to the state-of-the-art cryo-electron microscopes at Julich’s Ernst Ruska-Centre, the researchers have now been able to gain new insights into the interaction between Vipp1 and the cell membrane.
SOURCE: ANI
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